Using System for Cross- Domain Identity Management automatically provision users and groups from Azure Active Directory to applications. Overview. Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) can automatically provision users and groups to any application or identity store that is fronted by a web service with the interface defined in the System for Cross- Domain Identity Management (SCIM) 2. Azure Active Directory can send requests to create, modify, or delete assigned users and groups to the web service. The web service can then translate those requests into operations on the target identity store. Important. Microsoft recommends that you manage Azure AD using the Azure AD admin center in the Azure portal instead of using the Azure classic portal referenced in this article. Figure 1: Provisioning from Azure Active Directory to an identity store via a web service. This capability can be used in conjunction with the “bring your own app” capability in Azure AD to enable single sign- on and automatic user provisioning for applications that provide or are fronted by a SCIM web service. There are two use cases for using SCIM in Azure Active Directory: Provisioning users and groups to applications that support SCIM. Applications that support SCIM 2. OAuth bearer tokens for authentication works with Azure AD without configuration. Build your own provisioning solution for applications that support other API- based provisioning. For non- SCIM applications, you can create a SCIM endpoint to translate between the Azure AD SCIM endpoint and any API the application supports for user provisioning. To help you develop a SCIM endpoint, we provide Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) libraries along with code samples that show you how to do provide a SCIM endpoint and translate SCIM messages. Provisioning users and groups to applications that support SCIMAzure AD can be configured to automatically provision assigned users and groups to applications that implement a System for Cross- domain Identity Management 2 (SCIM) web service and accept OAuth bearer tokens for authentication. Within the SCIM 2. Supports creating users and/or groups, as per section 3. SCIM protocol. Supports modifying users and/or groups with patch requests as per section 3. SCIM protocol. Supports retrieving a known resource as per section 3. SCIM protocol. Supports querying users and/or groups, as per section 3. SCIM protocol. By default, users are queried by external. ![]() ![]() Active Directory has several levels of administration beyond the Domain Admins group. In a previous post, I explored: “Securing Domain Controllers to Improve Active. The main points about the above code are: Step 1 sets up the parameters for the Active Directory search. DirectoryEntry is a class in the System.DirectoryServices. · · Active Directory stores all information and settings for a deployment in a central database. Active Directory allows administrators to assign policies. Id and groups are queried by display. Name. Supports querying user by ID and by manager as per section 3. SCIM protocol. Supports querying groups by ID and by member as per section 3. SCIM protocol. Accepts OAuth bearer tokens for authorization as per section 2. SCIM protocol. Check with your application provider, or your application provider's documentation for statements of compatibility with these requirements. Getting started. Applications that support the SCIM profile described in this article can be connected to Azure Active Directory using the "non- gallery application" feature in the Azure AD application gallery. Once connected, Azure AD runs a synchronization process every 2. SCIM endpoint for assigned users and groups, and creates or modifies them according to the assignment details. To connect an application that supports SCIM: Sign in to the Azure portal. Browse to Azure Active Directory > Enterprise Applications, and select **New application > All > Non- gallery application. Enter a name for your application, and click Add icon to create an app object. ![]() Figure 2: Azure AD application gallery. In the resulting screen, select the Provisioning tab in the left column. In the Provisioning Mode menu, select Automatic. Figure 3: Configuring provisioning in the Azure portal. In the Tenant URL field, enter the URL of the application's SCIM endpoint. Example: https: //api. If the SCIM endpoint requires an OAuth bearer token from an issuer other than Azure AD, then copy the required OAuth bearer token into the optional Secret Token field. If this field is left blank, then Azure AD included an OAuth bearer token issued from Azure AD with each request. Apps that use Azure AD as an identity provider can validate this Azure AD - issued token. Click the Test Connection button to have Azure Active Directory attempt to connect to the SCIM endpoint. If the attempts fail, error information is displayed. If the attempts to connect to the application succeed, then click Save to save the admin credentials. In the Mappings section, there are two selectable sets of attribute mappings: one for user objects and one for group objects. Select each one to review the attributes that are synchronized from Azure Active Directory to your app. The attributes selected as Matching properties are used to match the users and groups in your app for update operations. Select the Save button to commit any changes. Note. You can optionally disable syncing of group objects by disabling the "groups" mapping. Under Settings, the Scope field defines which users and or groups are synchronized. Selecting "Sync only assigned users and groups" (recommended) will only sync users and groups assigned in the Users and groups tab. Once your configuration is complete, change the Provisioning Status to On. Click Save to start the Azure AD provisioning service. If syncing only assigned users and groups (recommended), be sure to select the Users and groups tab and assign the users and/or groups you wish to sync. Once the initial synchronization has started, you can use the Audit logs tab to monitor progress, which shows all actions performed by the provisioning service on your app. For more information on how to read the Azure AD provisioning logs, see Reporting on automatic user account provisioning. Note. The initial sync takes longer to perform than subsequent syncs, which occur approximately every 2. Building your own provisioning solution for any application. By creating a SCIM web service that interfaces with Azure Active Directory, you can enable single sign- on and automatic user provisioning for virtually any application that provides a REST or SOAP user provisioning API. Here’s how it works: Azure AD provides a common language infrastructure library named Microsoft. System. For. Cross. Domain. Identity. Management. System integrators and developers can use this library to create and deploy a SCIM- based web service endpoint capable of connecting Azure AD to any application’s identity store. Mappings are implemented in the web service to map the standardized user schema to the user schema and protocol required by the application. The endpoint URL is registered in Azure AD as part of a custom application in the application gallery. Users and groups are assigned to this application in Azure AD. Upon assignment, they are put into a queue to be synchronized to the target application. The synchronization process handling the queue runs every 2. Code Samples. To make this process easier, a set of code samples are provided that create a SCIM web service endpoint and demonstrate automatic provisioning. One sample is of a provider that maintains a file with rows of comma- separated values representing users and groups. The other is of a provider that operates on the Amazon Web Services Identity and Access Management service. Prerequisites. Getting Started. The easiest way to implement a SCIM endpoint that can accept provisioning requests from Azure AD is to build and deploy the code sample that outputs the provisioned users to a comma- separated value (CSV) file. To create a sample SCIM endpoint: Download the code sample package at https: //github. Azure/Azure. AD- BYOA- Provisioning- Samples/tree/master. Unzip the package and place it on your Windows machine at a location such as C: \Azure. AD- BYOA- Provisioning- Samples. In this folder, launch the File. Provisioning. Agent solution in Visual Studio. Select Tools > Library Package Manager > Package Manager Console, and execute the following commands for the File. Provisioning. Agent project to resolve the solution references. Install- Package Microsoft. System. For. Cross. Domain. Identity. Management. Install- Package Microsoft. Identity. Model. Clients. Active. Directory. Install- Package Microsoft. Owin. Diagnostics. Install- Package Microsoft. Owin. Host. System. Web. Build the File. Provisioning. Agent project. Launch the Command Prompt application in Windows (as an Administrator), and use the cd command to change the directory to your \Azure. AD- BYOA- Provisioning- Samples\Provisioning. Documenting Microsoft Active Directory with Microsoft Word and Power. Shell. On a recent project, the customer needed a way to see what they had in their numerous Active Directory (AD) forests. I offered to create a script and they gave me permission to do so. After creating the initial basic script, I sent out a request for testers. I received a lot of requests from people wanting to test the script and these people offered a lot of suggestions, enhancements and code for me to adapt. The script then took on a life of its own and has morphed into a really nice report. Before I get started listing all the features, I want to start by thanking a dedicated and hardworking group of testers and others who provided Power. Shell help and guidance for developing this script. I had more testers (5. I have ever created. This is the list of testers who gave me permission to use their names. Alain Assaf. Barry Schiffer. Bob Free. Charles Polisher. Daniel Chenault. Donald Kuhlman. Duy Le. Eric Wittersheim. Francesco Tamba. Gunnar “Gundaris” Hermansen. J. L. Straat. James Rankin. Jim Kennedy. Jim Millard. Kevin James. Kurt Buff. Luis F. Trejo H. Melvin Backus. Michael B. Smith. Mike Nelson. Paul Loonen. Samuel Legrand. Shibu Keloth. Thomas Vuylsteke. Tom Ide. The following items are documented: Forest Information. Sites and Services. Inter- Site Transports. Sites. Domain Information. Domain Trusts. Domain Controllers. Domain Controllers. Computer Information (optional)Services (optional)Organizational Units. Groups. Group Policies by Domain. Group Policies by Organizational Unit. Miscellaneous Data by Domain. All Users. Active Users. Windows Computer Operating Systems. Non- Windows Computer Operating Systems. I learned a lot from creating this script. I will try and list out some of the lessons. Microsoft’s AD cmdlets do not honor - EA 0. When creating this script, I kept adding - EA 0 to all my cmdlet calls but yet I still got the big red ugly Power. Shell error messages. I was able to wrap the cmdlets in Try/Catch statements but Michael B. Smith said that Try/Catch is very expensive (I assume that means in CPU cycles). He had me set a global Error. Action value at the top of the script and then I set it back to the original value before the script ends.$Save. EAPreference = $Error. Action. Preference. Error. Action. Preference = 'Silently. Continue'. And then before the script exits.$Error. Action. Preference = $Save. EAPreference. That allowed me to handle any errors in the script. Is the User a Domain Admin? To properly retrieve the WMI hardware inventory and or get a list of Services running on the domain controllers, the user running the script must have Domain Administrator rights in the AD Forest being processed. The code I originally found and adapted did not work if the user running the script logged in with UPN\User. Name. Even though User. Name had Domain Admin rights, the UPN\ part threw off my original code. I asked the testers if anyone had any code that would work and Thomas Vuylsteke sent me some code I was able to adapt for the script. Function User. Isa. Domain. Admin. #function adapted from sample code provided by Thomas Vuylsteke. Is. DA = $False. $name = $env: username. Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): Token. Groups - Checking groups for $name". ADSI]"". $filter = "(s. AMAccount. Name=$name)". Name"). $Searcher = new- Object System. Directory. Services. Directory. Searcher($root,$filter,$props). Searcher. Find. One(). ADSI]"LDAP: //$Account". Get. Info. Ex(@("tokengroups"),0). Get("tokengroups"). Admins. SID = New- Object System. Security. Principal. Security. Identifier (((Get- ADDomain - Server $ADForest). Domain. Sid). Value+"- 5. For. Each($group in $groups). ID = New- Object System. Security. Principal. Security. Identifier($group,0). If($ID. Compare. To($domain. Admins. SID) - eq 0). Is. DA = $True. Getting a List of Computers by Operating System. Several testers requested not only a count of computers but to break down the computers by operating system. The original code I found was several hundred lines long but barfed on the Registered Trademark symbol Microsoft used for Windows Server 2. Jeremy Saunders sent me some code to use and then Michael B. Smith optimized it. A snippet of the code is shown below. Function Get. Computer. Count. By. OS. Param([string]$x. Domain). This function will count the number of Windows workstations, Windows servers and. Windows computers and list them by Operating System. Note that for servers we filter out Cluster Name Objects (CNOs) and. Virtual Computer Objects (VCOs) by checking the objects serviceprincipalname. MSCluster. Virtual. Server. The CNO is the cluster. VCO is the client access point for the clustered role. These are not actual computers, so we exlude them to assist with. Function Name: Get. Computer. Count. By. OS. Release: 1. 0. Written by [email protected] 2. May 2. 01. 2. #function optimized by Michael B. Smith. Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): `t`t. Gathering computer misc data". Computers = @(). $Unknown. Computers = @(). $Results = Get- ADComputer - Filter * - Properties Name,Operatingsystem,service. Principal. Name,Distinguished. Name - Server $Domain. If($? - and $Results - ne $Null). Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): `t`t`t. Getting server OS counts". Computers += $Results | `. Where- Object {($_. Operatingsystem - like '*server*') - AND !($_. MSCluster. Virtual. Server*')} | `. Sort- Object Name. Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): `t`t`t. Getting workstation OS counts". Computers += $Results | `. Where- Object {($_. Operatingsystem - like '*windows*') - AND !($_. Operatingsystem - like '*server*')} | `. Sort- Object Name. Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): `t`t`t. Getting unknown OS counts". Unknown. Computers += $Results | `. Where- Object {!($_. Operatingsystem - like '*windows*') - AND !($_. MSCluster. Virtual. Server*')} | `. Sort- Object Name. Computers += $Unknown. Computers. $Unknown. Computers = $Unknown. Computers | Sort Distinguished. Name. $Computers = $Computers | Group- Object operatingsystem | Sort- Object Count - Descending. Handling the - Computer. Name Parameter. The - Computer. Name parameter can be entered as a Net. BIOS name, FQDN, localhost, an IP address or not entered. If it is not entered, then the AD cmdlets will use the domain of the computer running Powershell. If enetered as localhost or an IP address, the script attempts to resolve those into a server name. If(![String]: :Is. Null. Or. Empty($Computer. Name)). #get server name. Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): Testing to see if $($Computer. Name) is online and reachable". If(Test- Connection - Computer. Name $Computer. Name - quiet). Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): Server $($Computer. Name) is online.". Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): `t. Testing to see if it is a Domain Controller.". Computer. Name in the current domain. Results = Get- ADDomain. Controller $Computer. Name. #try using the Forest name. Results = Get- ADDomain. Controller $Computer. Name - Server $ADForest. Error. Action. Preference = $Save. EAPreference. Write- Error "`n`n`t`t$($Computer. Name) is not a domain controller for $($ADForest).`n`t`t. Script cannot continue.`n`n". Results = $Null. Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): Computer $($Computer. Name) is offline". Error. Action. Preference = $Save. EAPreference. Write- Error "`n`n`t`t. Computer $($Computer. Name) is offline.`n. Script cannot continue.`n`n". If($Computer. Name - eq "localhost"). Computer. Name = $env: Computer. Name. Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): Computer name has been renamed from localhost to $($Computer. Name)". #if computer name is an IP address, get host name from DNS. Michael B. Smith. Computer. Name - as [System. Net. Ip. Address]. Result = [System. Net. Dns]: :gethostentry($ip). If($? - and $Result - ne $Null). Computer. Name = $Result. Host. Name. Write- Verbose "$(Get- Date): Computer name has been renamed from $($ip) to $($Computer. Name)". Write- Warning "Unable to resolve $($Computer. Name) to a hostname". Word Tables with Fixed Column Widths. For the table of Organizational Units, when the columns were automatically sized to fit the contents, the column with the OU name took up 9. I found some code on MSDN to set column widths by setting the width of each cell. While that worked perfect for formatting the table, it greatly increased the time it took the script to run and the memory consumption for the winword. The memory consumption of the winword. Table. Cell(). Set. Width blew my mind. The process consumed roughly 2. K of memory for every point of cell width set. So using Set. Width(5. 0,0) would consume 1. K of memory and Set.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |